INTRODUCTION

Water treatment chemicals play a vital role in modern water treatment processes. With the process of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of water resource pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the demand for water treatment technology and its chemicals is increasing. This paper will summarize the basic principles of water treatment chemicals and their applications in various fields.

Classification and basic principles of water treatment chemicals

Water treatment chemicals can be broadly divided into the following categories according to their functions and application scenarios:

Flocculants and coagulants:

Flocculants promote the aggregation of particles into larger flocs by neutralizing the charge of suspended particles in water, thus making it easy to settle and filter. Commonly used flocculants include polyacrylamide (PAM), aluminum sulfate, and polydimethyl diallylammonium chloride.

Coagulants coagulate colloidal substances in water into larger particles through chemical reactions, facilitating subsequent treatment. Common coagulants are ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate.

Biocides and disinfectants:

Biocides are used to kill bacteria, viruses and algae in water to ensure safe water quality. Chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone are common biocides; polydichloroethylene ether tetramethylethylenediamine is a strong cationic polymer, which has good solubility in water. It is a non-oxidizing biocide flocculant with broad-spectrum bactericidal and algaecidal ability, which can effectively control the propagation of bacteria and algae in the water and the growth of slime.

Disinfectants, on the other hand, destroy the cellular structure of microorganisms through chemical reaction and make them inactive, such as peroxyacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite.

Corrosion Inhibitors and Scale Inhibitors:

Corrosion inhibitors are used to inhibit corrosive ions in water from corroding metal pipes and equipment, and commonly used corrosion inhibitors include phosphates and silicates.

Scale inhibitors prevent scaling by interfering with the crystallization process of dissolved salts in water, such as polyphosphates and polycarboxylic acids.

Algae removers and heavy metal traps:

Algae removers are used to control and eliminate algae in the water column and are commonly used, such as copper sulfate and quaternary ammonium agents.

Heavy metal trapping agent through the chemical reaction precipitation or complexation of heavy metal ions in water, commonly used agents include sodium sulfide and chelating agent.

Application areas of water treatment chemicals

Municipal water treatment:

In municipal water treatment, flocculants and coagulants are commonly used to remove suspended and organic matter from water to ensure that the water quality meets drinking water standards. Disinfectants are used in the final sterilization and disinfection process to ensure safe water quality.

Industrial wastewater treatment:

Industrial wastewater contains a large number of hazardous substances such as heavy metals, oils and greases, and organic pollutants. By using heavy metal traps and flocculants, these harmful substances can be effectively removed to meet discharge standards.

Cooling water treatment:

Corrosion inhibitors and scale inhibitors are essential in industrial cooling water systems. Corrosion inhibitors prevent corrosion of pipes and equipment and extend service life; scale inhibitors prevent scaling and ensure efficient system operation.

Desalination:

Flocculants and biocides are commonly used in the pre-treatment step of the desalination process to remove suspended matter and microorganisms and to ensure the proper operation of the reverse osmosis membrane.

Agricultural irrigation:

In agricultural irrigation water, water treatment chemicals are used to remove harmful substances from the water to ensure a safe and healthy growing environment for crops.

Swimming Pool Water Treatment:

Regular use of algae inhibitors (such as copper sulfate or quaternary ammonium salts) can be effective in preventing algae growth. These agents inhibit the growth of algae before it sprouts.

Polydichloroethylene ether tetramethylethylenediamine is a non-oxidizing bactericidal algaecide. Used primarily as a swimming pool sanitizer, it inhibits a wide variety of floating green algae and black algae that adhere to the walls and bottom of swimming pools, and works in both acidic and alkaline environments without interfering with the use of sand, diatomaceous earth, or other types of filters.

Summary

The wide application of water treatment chemicals in various fields not only improves the efficiency and effectiveness of water treatment, but also plays an important role in protecting the environment and resources. In the future, with the continuous progress of water treatment technology and environmental protection requirements, water treatment chemicals will move towards a more efficient, environmentally friendly and economic direction. Through in-depth research and rational application of water treatment chemicals, sustainable use of water resources and protection of the ecological environment can be realized.