The methods of dealing with sudden organic pollutants mainly include physical and chemical methods such as adsorption and oxidative decomposition. The adsorption method uses activated carbon and other adsorption materials to remove organic pollutants such as benzene series, phenols, and pesticides in water; the oxidative decomposition method uses oxidants such as potassium permanganate and ozone to oxidize and remove organic pollutants in water.

The emergency treatment methods for sudden heavy metal pollution accidents mainly include chemical precipitation and adsorption. The chemical coagulation and sedimentation technology is to adjust the pH value of the coagulation treatment of the water plant, so that the heavy metal pollutants form metal hydroxides or carbonates and other precipitates, which are removed by flocculation and precipitation of aluminum salts, iron salts, etc.; adsorption process Simple and stable in effect, it is especially suitable for the removal of large flow and low pollutant content, and has become the first choice for emergency treatment of heavy metal sudden water pollution accidents.

There are two main methods for emergency treatment of sudden oil pollution: chemical method and physical recovery method. The chemical method usually uses dispersing agent to disperse the oil pollution into extremely small oil droplets (1-70 μm), which increases the surface area of the oil pollution in contact with microorganisms. opportunity. At present, the impact of dispersants on the water ecological environment is still unclear, and their use is also strictly controlled. Various combustion accelerants can also be used to burn a large amount of oil in a short period of time, but this method will have a negative impact on the marine ecological balance and waste energy. The fence method in the physical recovery method can prevent the diffusion of oil to facilitate oil recovery; the oil absorption method uses lipophilic oil-absorbing materials to recover oil, which is the fundamental method to solve oil pollution.

Biological pollutant pollution can be treated by chemical oxidation and disinfection technology.

In addition, through the time and space dispatching of water resources through water conservancy engineering technology, the hazards of sudden water pollution accidents can be quickly reduced.